Message: Hi sir or madam I want a what chemistry of dye fix of reactive dyeing I mean fixnol how I make what chemical use fixnol.

I do not understand your question. What is fixnol? I have never heard of it, and there is nothing to be found using that word in a Google web search. Is it a high-pH chemical like sodium silicate, or is it something else? Are you spelling the word correctly?

Formaldehyde-free Fixing Agent B-508 the name of chemical but I want self made if you have any idea what chemical use this chemical if not where I learn then I made this dye fix.

Fixing Agent B-508 appears to be a cationic dye fixative. See "Commercial Dye Fixatives". American hand-dyers buy this type of chemical under the name Retayne, and British hand-dyers under the name Fixitol P, but there are many different formulas used in the textile industry.

I don't believe that it will be possible for you to make this product yourself, but you might be able to find another cationic dye fixative under a different brand name from another supplier. (Be careful to check whether or not they contain formaldehyde.) Alternatively, you may be able to do without it altogether, since the whole point of fiber reactive dyes is that they can bond to textile fibers without any need for this type of reagent.

Fiber reactive dyes are fixed to natural fibers, such as cotton, by allowing them to react with the fiber in the presence of a high-pH chemical, such as sodium carbonate (soda ash) or sodium hydroxide (caustic soda). The temperature at which the reaction takes place is critical, and varies according to exactly which fiber reactive dye you are using. Some fiber reactive dyes work well at a room temperature of 21°C (70°F), while others require 60°C (140°F) or even higher. You must find out what the temperature and pH requirements are for the class of fiber reactive dyes you are using. See "About Fiber Reactive Dyes". Salt may also be required, depending on the ratio of dye to water; high ratios of water require salt in order to help the dye leave the water solution and get into the fiber, where it can react.

The way that cellulose reacts with most fiber reactive dyes, such as Procion MX dye or Drimarene K dye, is shown in a drawing in the May 19, 2005 posting in this blog, "Chemical reaction for a dichlorotriazine dye with cellulose". The high-pH chemical activates the cellulose molecule which can then attack the fiber reactive dye molecule, resulting in nucleophilic substitution.

After dyeing, whether you perform it in a continuous or batchwise process, excess unattached dye must be washed out. Boiling water is often used for this purpose; cooler water is less efficient. For some dyes an initial rinsing with cool water, before the hot-water washout, is important, to remove the auxiliary chemicals and the associated high pH. Some dyes (such as Procion MX dyes) become more difficult to wash out if the initial washout is done in hot water, while others (including Remazol dyes) may be stripped if washed under hot alkaline conditions, so it's important to remove the auxiliary chemicals before subjecting these dyes to hot water.

Cationic dye fixatives are not required at all in order to fix fiber reactive dyes to textile fibers, if the temperature and auxiliary chemicals such as salt and soda ash are correct. However, they can be used either to make up for deficiencies in the dyeing setup, or to make up for inadequate washout.

The way that cationic dye fixatives work is that the molecules in the fixative have a positive charge. In contrast, the molecules of most dyes, including all fiber reactive dyes, and all cellulosic fibers, such as cotton, have negative charges. The dye which is located adjacent to the fiber, but which has not bonded to it properly as fiber reactive dyes can, can be glued in place to the fiber by the addition of a cationic dye fixative. 

There are drawbacks to the use of cationic dye fixatives. Foremost among them is the loss of lightfastness which is generally seen after treatment with cationic dye fixatives. A dye that has been fixed in place with a cationic dye fixative becomes less resistant to the fading effect of the sun and other sources of light. Another drawback is that many of these fixatives contain the known carcinogen formaldehyde, though this is not a problem with your formaldehyde-free formula. A third drawback, obviously, is your difficulty in finding an economical source for this product.

Proper fixing of fiber reactive dyes makes it unnecessary to use a cationic dye fixative. The chemical bond between a properly fixed fiber reactive dye and a cellulose fiber is extremely strong, stronger than any cationic dye fixative. The use of the cationic dye fixative is important with poorly washfast dyes such as direct dyes, but in the case of fiber reactive dyes it is used only when it is impractical to use a proper chemical reaction between the dye and the fiber, or when water and energy supplies make it necessary to skip some of the washing-out steps.

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