Try Rit brand Color Remover, and closely follow the instructions on the box. You may need several boxes to do this in the washing machine.

Rit brand Color Remover is sold next to Rit brand All Purpose Dye, in many stores. While I generally recommend against the use of any brand of All Purpose dye on cotton (fiber reactive dye works much better, lasts much longer on the fabric, and is easier to use), the Rit Color Remover is an excellent product.

Why did the yellow socks run? Either the wrong type of dye was used (see above), or the correct recipe was not followed, or the required washing-out steps after dyeing were omitted. Properly done, with the right kind of dye, tie-dyed socks are safer for washing with other garments than almost anything else. I routinely wash tie-dyed clothing with white clothing, and never have a problem.