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For Procion MX dyes, the hydrolysis rate - that is, the rate at which the dye reacts with water, making it unavailable for reacting with fiber - increases approximately three-fold for every ten degree Celsius rise in temperature - that's the same as a 18°F change. [Reference: Ivanov's Reactive Dyes in Biology, p 13.] So, for storage, refrigerating the dyes at 39°F (4° C) instead of keeping them at room temperature, 75°F (24°C) extends the usability of the solution to about nine times as long.
My cousin Tammy was dyeing in an air-conditioned school; she found that taking the dyed items, individually wrapped in plastic bags, outside into the summer heat solved the problem nicely.
A number of artists have found that covering the dyeing on their worktable with plastic, and placing an electric blanket on top of that, works nicely to keep the temperature up.
Placing containers of items that are being dyed into a gas oven that is not turned on (warmed by the pilot light), can work well. Placing them on top of a water heater or refrigerator may also provide the needed warmth.
Others find it simpler to place a space heater in a small room, such as a bathroom, which is less expensive to heat than the entire studio.
A Finnish correspondent found her family sauna to be an ideal location to place her containers of materials being dyed.
Another method of applying heat is to microwave the items being dyed. Obviously, you must not include anything with metal in it, such as snaps, and you must not allow the material to dry, or it will burn. I like to cover the container with plastic wrap and microwave for one or two minutes at a time, watching closely, and pausing the microwave whenever the plastic wrap is billowing upward. Microwaving is so quick that it may be necessary to allow your dyeing to rest for an hour or two at room temperature before heating it, to allow the dye plenty of time to soak into the fiber. Fiber that is exposed only briefly to dyeing will be dyed only on the outermost layers, which will show wear badly; this is called "ring dyeing". Moisture is essential, as any fabric which has dried out will burn in the microwave.
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Last modified: September 12, 2006
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